Stage 1 A1 Elementary 600 headwords | Verb forms and tenses
- Positive, negative, question and short answer forms including contractions
- Positive and negative imperative forms
- Present Simple
- have got
- there is/are
- will for offers, requests and future meaning
- Past Simple of regular and very common irregular verbs
- can'can't for ability, requests and permission
- could (past form of can)
- have to for obligation
- would and wouldn't like
- Common phrasal verbs with transparent meanings
Sentence types
- Two clauses joined with so, before, after, when
- Direct speech + subject/verb inversion
- Reported speech with present tense reporting verb
- know, think, hope etc + that clause
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Stage 2 Pre-Intermediate A2 KET 800 headwords | Verb tenses - Present Continuous
- Past Simple of regular and irregular verbs
- Past Continuous
- Past Continuous vs Past Simple
- Future reference: Present Continuous, going to, will, shall, Present Simple
- Present Perfect Simple: recent past with just, indefinite past with yet, already, ever, never, unfinished past with for and since
- Present Perfect vs Past Simple
Modal verbs - could: ability, requests and suggestions
- will: promises, predictions
- would for desires, preferences
- shall: suggestions, offers, plans
- should (present and future reference): advice
- may (present and future reference): possibility
- must: personal obligation
- mustn't: prohibition
- have (got) to: external obligation
- need (to)/needn't: necessity
Verb forms and patterns - Passive forms: Present Simple and Past Simple
- Short questions (Can you?) and Short answers (No, he doesn't)
- Infinitives (with and without to) after verbs and adjectives
- Gerunds after prepositions and verbs
- Gerunds as subjects and objects
- be able to
- infinitive of purpose
- Questions tags
- Common phrasal verbs with nontransparent meanings
- so/neither/nor + auxiliaries in short answers
Sentence types - Main clause
- Sentences with more than two main clauses
- Sentences with one main and one subordinate clause
- Subordination (in the Present Simple or Present Continuous) after verbs such as: be sure, know, think, believe, hope, say, tell
- Subordination after: because, when, where
- Co-ordination: but, and, or, and then
- Zero and first conditionals
- Defining relatives clauses
- Clauses with wh words
- Clauses ending in so, not
- Reported speech with to + infinitive
- Participle clauses
- Adjectives/nouns + that clause
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Stage 3 Intermediate B1 PET 1000 headwords | Verb tenses
- Present Perfect Simple: the first/ second etc: time that...
- Present Perfect Simple: negative duration (haven't ... fro ages)
- Past Perfect Simple: in reported speech and narrative
Modal verbs
- can't: logical necessity
- could: ability (was able to/managed to,) possibility
- may/can/could: permission
- might (present and future reference): possibility, permission
- must: logical necessity and obligation
- don't have to / haven't got to / didn't have to: lack of obligation
- had to: obligation
- would rather: preference
- should: (present and future reference): moral obligation
- ought to: (present and future reference): moral obligation
- used to/would: past habits and states
Verb forms and patterns
- Causative: have/get + object + past participle
- past forms with going to and will
- Verb + object + full infinitive (e.g. I want you to help)
- Verb + object + infinitive give/take/send/bring/show + direct/indirect object
- Simple reported speech: statements, questions and commands with say, ask, tell
- Phrasal verbs/verbs with prepositions
- had better
- for advice or desirability
Sentence types
- Complex sentences where the relations between clauses are uncomplicated
- Non-defining relative clauses
- Time clauses introduced by when, while, until, before, after, as soon as
- Clauses of purpose: so that, (in order) to (infinitive of purpose)
- First conditional with unless
- Second conditional
- Second conditional with wish
- Clauses of result: so, so...that, such... that
- Clauses of concession: although, though
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Stage 4 Upper-Intermediate B2 FCE 1800 headwords | Verb tenses
- Present Perfect Continuous
- Past Perfect Simple: negative duration (hadn't ... for ages)
- Past Perfect Continuous
- Future Continuous
- Future Perfect
Verb forms and patterns
- Passive forms with all tenses
- Passive forms with modal verbs
- Phrasal verbs with non-transparent meanings
- Reported speech introduced by precise reporting verbs (e.g. suggest, promise, apologies, threaten, insist, complain)
- It's time + past tense
Modal verbs
- would for willingness/refusal
- modal perfects (must have, could have etc)
Sentence types
- Embedded relative clauses
- Third conditional
- Mixed conditional sentences
- Emphatic structures
- with what
- Clauses of concession: even though, in spite of, despite
- Complex sentences with more than one subordinate clause
- Inversion after hardly, no sooner, not only
- -ing/wh- clause as subject
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Stage 5 Advanced C1 CAE 2500 headwords | Verb tenses
- Verb tenses
- Future perfect continuous
Sentence types
- Inversion in third conditional sentences without if
- Inversion after other initial negative adverbs (at no time, little etc)
- Inversion of subject and verb adverbial expressions of place
- Complex clauses with no restrictions on number of subordinate clauses
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Stage 6 Proficiency C2 CPE Unabridged Texts
| This stage contains the original, unabridged version of texts. |
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